2019 GMAT语文(VERBAL)三大题型详解，内附官方备考指南免费下载
GMAT语文向来是大家备考的重点所在，而对于英语基础相对薄弱的中国考生来说，语文部分是一个弱项。为了弥补这一弱点，我们建议大家了解GMAT语文各个题型的特点以及考察重点。今天我们为大家详细介绍GMAT语文三大题型，内附官方备考指南免费下载。GMAT 考试的 Verbal 部分主要衡量学生阅读和理解书面材料、逻辑推理以及评估论点的能力，同时考察学生纠正文章语法和英语书面表达的能力。
时间：65分钟
题量：36道
总分：51分为最高分
语文部分包含三类题型：
阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）
批判性推理（Critical Reasoning）
句子改错（Sentence Correction）
语文部分是中国考生比较弱的一项，所以请给这项留下足够复习备考的时间。
阅读理解
这个部分测试考生理解单词和陈述的能力，能否理解重要点之间的逻辑关系，并且得出推论。具体来说，GMAT阅读理解部分将测试以下阅读技能：寻找中心思想，分论点，推理，应用，逻辑结构和风格。
每个阅读理解段落都带有一些问题，要求考生解释材料，作出推论或将得出的结论应用于进一步的背景。GMAT阅读理解文章的主题包括社会科学和人文科学，物理和生物科学，或商业相关领域。
批判性推理
考察学生提出论点、评估论点、制定或评估行动计划的能力。逻辑推理问题基于一个简短的阅读段落，段落通常少于100个单词。通常情况下，学生需要从五个答案选项中找出哪一个加强或削弱了论点，说明了为什么论证存在缺陷等等。
GMAT里的推理过程，就是一个由A到B的过程，即由已知的事(A)推出未知的事(B)的过程。而常见的AB间的逻辑关系有：
①充分条件：就是A肯定得到B，记作A→B；
②必要条件：为了得到B，必须满足A这个条件，记作B→A；
③充分必要条件：A肯定得到B，而且为了得到B，必须满足A这个条件，记作A←→B。
这几个关系是所有逻辑推理的基础。学会快速发现归纳并掌握这些关系，就是考生在GMAT逻辑复习中需要做好的工作。
句子改错
这个类型的题目衡量学生语言能力的两个方面。首先，考察学生能否正确表达，即能否指出语法和结构上合理的句子。第二，有效表达，指的是学生能够在所给选项中找出有效地表达思想或关系，并且清晰、简洁、符合语法的句子。
GMAT SC题型考察的是商业用的正式语体，目的为了让你养成良好的正式语体书写习惯。通常在考试中会遇到12-13题左右，考察的内容主要有：Verbs、Pronouns、Modifications、Parallel Structure、Comparisons、Usage/Idioms和Miscellaneous Errors。
下面是GMAT例题：
Sample Reading Comprehension Question
Directions
The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
Question
Schools expect textbooks to be a valuable source of information for students. My research suggests, however, that textbooks that address the place of Native Americans within the history of the United States distort history to suit a particular cultural value system. In some textbooks, for example, settlers are pictured as more humane, complex, skillful, and wise than Native Americans. In essence, textbooks stereotype and depreciate the numerous Native American cultures while reinforcing the attitude that the European conquest of the New World denotes the superiority of European cultures. Although textbooks evaluate Native American architecture, political systems, and homemaking, I contend that they do it from an ethnocentric, European perspective without recognizing that other perspectives are possible.
One argument against my contention asserts that, by nature, textbooks are culturally biased and that I am simply underestimating children’s ability to see through these biases. Some researchers even claim that by the time students are in high school, they know they cannot take textbooks literally. Yet substantial evidence exists to the contrary. Two researchers, for example, have conducted studies that suggest that children’s attitudes about particular cultures are strongly influenced by the textbooks used in schools. Given this, an ongoing, careful review of how school textbooks depict Native Americans is certainly warranted.
Which of the following would most logically be the topic of the paragraph immediately following the passage?
(A) Specific ways to evaluate the biases of United States history textbooks
(B) The centrality of the teacher’s role in United States history courses
(C) Nontraditional methods of teaching United States history
(D) The contributions of European immigrants to the development of the United States
(E) Ways in which parents influence children’s political attitudes
Answer: (A)
Sample Critical Reasoning Question
Directions
For this question, select the best of the answer choices given.
Question
The cost of producing radios in Country Q is ten percent less than the cost of producing radios in Country Y. Even after transportation fees and tariff charges are added, it is still cheaper for a company to import radios from Country Q to Country Y than to produce radios in Country Y.
The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions?
(A) Labor costs in Country Q are ten percent below those in Country Y.
(B) Importing radios from Country Q to Country Y will eliminate ten percent of the manufacturing jobs in Country Y.
(C) The tariff on a radio imported from Country Q to Country Y is less than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Y.
(D) The fee for transporting a radio from Country Q to Country Y is more than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Q.
(E) It takes ten percent less time to manufacture a radio in Country Q than it does in Country Y.
Answer: (C)
Sample Sentence Correction Question
Directions
This question presents a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise, choose one of the others.
This question tests the correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.
Question
While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing operations, many smaller regional and community banks are finding that the cost associated with upgrading data-processing equipment and with the development and maintenance of new products and technical staff are prohibitive.
(A) cost associated with
(B) costs associated with
(C) costs arising from
(D) cost of
(E) costs of
Answer: (B)
2019 GMAT Official Guide电子版免费下载: https://www.simpletense.com/blog/gmat%e8%af%ad%e6%96%87verbal/
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